Durga Puja is not just a festival—it is an emotion, a cultural movement, and a grand celebration of art, devotion, and community spirit. While rooted in West Bengal, it has transcended borders to become one of the most significant global celebrations of Indian culture.
Every year, millions of people eagerly await the arrival of Goddess Durga, who symbolizes the victory of good over evil. But the story of Durga Puja is not just about worship—it is also about craftsmanship, creativity, and how a community unites to celebrate.

The Making of the Goddess: An Art in Itself
At the heart of Durga Puja are the magnificent idols of Goddess Durga, her children (Lakshmi, Saraswati, Kartik, and Ganesha), and the demon Mahishasura. The process of making these idols is as sacred as the worship itself.
Kumartuli – The Idol-Making Hub
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Location: A neighborhood in North Kolkata, famous worldwide for its idol-makers, or kumars.
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Process:
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Straw & Bamboo Frame: The idol begins with a framework of bamboo and straw tied with jute ropes.
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Clay Layers: Clay from the Ganga river is considered essential. The first layer is rough; the second adds details; the final coat is smooth for painting.
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Painting & Decoration: Once dried, the idols are painted, often with natural pigments. Intricate eyes, called chokkhu daan, are painted on Mahalaya day, symbolizing the goddess coming to life.
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Ornaments & Drapes: Craftsmen add dazzling ornaments (sholar saj, made from pith shola wood), vibrant sarees, and weapons that depict Durga’s power.
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Materials Considered Sacred:
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Clay from the Ganga river mixed with a small amount of soil from a sex worker’s doorstep (called punya mati, symbolizing inclusivity and humility).
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Bamboo, straw, jute ropes, natural paints, and shola (pith) for decorations.
Who’s Involved:
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Idol sculptors (kumars).
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Artisans for pandal-making, often skilled carpenters, painters, and electricians.
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Craftsmen for ornaments, attire, and lighting installations.
These idols are not confined to Bengal—they are shipped across India and even overseas, reaching communities in New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, and Singapore.
The Grand Celebration in West Bengal
Durga Puja in Bengal is an explosion of culture, art, and devotion.
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Pandals: Themed pandals (temporary structures for hosting the goddess) are architectural marvels. From replicas of world monuments to abstract art installations, pandals transform streets into open-air museums.
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Cultural Programs: Rabindra Sangeet recitals, theatre, and dance performances accompany the worship.
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Food Stalls: From Bengali sweets like rosogolla and sandesh to street food like rolls, chops, and phuchkas, food is an inseparable part of the celebration.
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Processions: The immersion (visarjan) of idols into rivers or lakes is accompanied by processions of music, dance, and chanting of “Bolo Durga Mai Ki Jai.”
Kolkata’s Durga Puja is now recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2021)—a testimony to its global cultural significance.
Durga Puja Across India
While Bengal remains the heartland, Durga Puja celebrations have found vibrant expressions in other Indian cities:
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Delhi: Neighborhoods like CR Park (Chittaranjan Park) host massive pujas, with cultural performances, elaborate pandals, and authentic Bengali cuisine.
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Mumbai: The Lokhandwala Durga Puja, initiated by Bollywood personalities, has become a star-studded event, blending glamour with tradition.
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Bengaluru & Pune: These cities see growing Bengali communities organizing pujas that rival those in Kolkata in scale and grandeur.
Global Celebrations: The Goddess Travels the World
The Bengali diaspora has taken Durga Puja across continents, turning it into a truly international festival.
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United States:
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New Jersey and New York host massive pujas, with idols flown in from Kumartuli.
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Cultural programs often feature top Bengali singers and theatre groups flown from India.
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United Kingdom:
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London’s Camden and Ealing Durga Pujas are iconic, with pandals often featuring innovative eco-friendly themes.
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Canada: Toronto and Vancouver witness vibrant celebrations, where Indian and non-Indian communities participate.
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Singapore & Malaysia: Celebrations here often blend with local festivals, showcasing a multicultural spirit.
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Australia: Sydney and Melbourne host grand community pujas with cultural events and authentic Bengali food stalls.
In each of these places, the Puja serves as a cultural bridge, bringing together not just Bengalis but also people from other Indian communities and even curious locals.
Why Durga Puja is More than a Festival
Durga Puja is not just about worshiping the goddess. It is:
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An Art Festival: With pandals and idols that rival any global art installation.
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A Community Movement: Involving hundreds of people—from artisans to volunteers—working tirelessly for months.
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A Cultural Showcase: Literature, theatre, music, and dance converge in one grand platform.
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A Global Connector: No matter where Bengalis go, they carry Durga Puja with them, ensuring it thrives even thousands of miles away from Bengal.
Durga Puja is a festival that unites faith, creativity, and community on an unparalleled scale. From the clay of the Ganga to the streets of New Jersey, from the pandals of Kolkata to cultural centers in London, the goddess Durga’s spirit knows no boundaries.
Whether you witness the UNESCO-honored celebration in Kolkata or join a diaspora community abroad, Durga Puja reminds us of one eternal truth: traditions travel, evolve, and grow—but they never lose their soul.
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